¹⻪ -- EconomicsĶ
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 : Kernel (ɽ续), : Economics
  : ȫ 
վ: ¹⻪վ (Wed Apr 18 12:13:20 2001) , վż

ȫ
--"йչ߲̳"һᲿַժҪ
߰
ɹԺչоģйչ߲̳££ھ
ٿˣᡣԺ쵼йزŸˡ˾߲쵼ˡ
ڲִҵ߲쵼ˡ֯֯רѧߵȣ
˳ϯ˻飬˱ܿ桢
ߵķҪԼύժҪ
Ժչоĸγ̩
ɫؽ趨λ
ʽϿйٵս϶ر⾭ùϣ
һѷԴھƱ˵ֻǾ
һضķӳйı£һҪӿԲӦ
óơߵĵһ棬ҲǸҪģҪг
ΪľƸĸгϸŬ
УĽɫλҪеһг
ҵĹϵµĿŸ£رǾ޽ΣԺ󣬶ǿԤ
ҵͲҵչַǳ̬ȡ֮£һЧʵ
Ҫл塣Ϊй뾭ȫ򻯽̵ǷԼ
ıȽƣȽҪתΪʵľƣرҪЧʵг֧
תгȻγɣˣǿгãã
õصͷʽӦиԵת䡣ӦԼҪע
ĻȷطŵЧʵг˵Ч
ԣ̶ܴҪͨгЧۡ
һ棬ͬҴںܴ졣йȻһչйңȻھת
СЩصֽ׶תְܣҪӶҵֱӸԤг
оú۵гģͣƣгùȣ
õҪһЩԶ׼ʱôŽϴĲȷԡҪ
õģ٣õģλãΧĺԡ

ȷõķصͷʽĻϣһʱӦѡҪ
Գӿƽĸ磬ĳŵеķ
ߣԷɻȡΪص㣬ӪڸϷ幫ƽ
ȼսͳһšƽĹг
Ҫ󣬴гԹдҵΪص㣬ӿоòսԵ
ĲץһȻ¢Ϻ͹ҵصҵĸĸ͹ƣӿ
ᱣƵĽƣӿ淶Ȩ͸ȣʵ
ӿ˾Ƹĸǿ˾ΪгЧṩʱ˾
񣻽ɡЧлϣЧʺ͹Աʣȵȡ
ȫΪй÷չͻͬʱҲܴĳͷա
йڱֺ۾ȶ潫ս䡢ࡢͶҵ
Ҳһϵ⡣⾭úìܡάȶú
һǿ
Ժư
ףԣϹƶȰ
ףԣҪйִУӦ
ĸľԭ򡣴ӷƽǶ˵ҹڼףԣϺһ棬ҪݣףԣϹ
ҹŵץƷƶȣҪ޸Ļ߷ֹףԣϹ
ŵϵķɡ桢ºߴʩһ棬Ҫȡʩȷ
ͨ˹ıλ͵ط壬ҵ¢ϡ

ΪˣҪͳ滮ػص㡢ֲƶ޸Ļ߷ֹ
йطɡͲŹ¡
ͬʱգףԣϹҪҹб֤йأףԣϹķƶ
ȫΧͳһʵʩΡˣΪάҹóס֪ʶȨͶʷ
ƶȵͳһԣȷҹףԣϺЩķƶȷϣףԣϹҹ
ŵҪЩķƶֻͳһơطִ
̨ķƶȣȨԼĹ涨ͬʱطŻҪȡʵЧ
ʩⷢӰףԣϹҹŵͳһʵʩҹףԣϺ
κεطƶĵطԷ桢ͬйطƶȲһ£Ǿͱ
ݡ涨ĳԾ
գףԣϹҪҹףԣϺ󣬷漰óסóйص֪
ʶȨķɡ桢ºߴʩйطɡ桢
ºߴʩʩǰֻҪףԣϳԱҪǾṩҹ
ԣϺ󣬻ָѯ㣬ΪҵṩйطϢ񣬲ԣףԣ
Աйѯڹ涨ʱ𸴡ҹףԣϺйػӰ
óסóסóйص֪ʶȨͶʴʩԼķɡ
桢ºߴʩڹٷϹǡ
ԺչоοԾȫʶ
;ȫ˵ָͣ羭÷չһҪƣӦ
νգӦԲȷͲȶأٽȫ򻯽չĹʾ
⡣ΪھȫǲȵģеĹڷǳ
ľأڷȫƺҲΪһ֣ȫ򻯣ˡ߷ǣ
ø߶ȷĳЩҲŵƾȫ򻯵򣬾óױ
ڽòǷóױ̧ͷǹ
ĵ⡣
ھȫ򻯣иָĶۣνɣνתѧɣ
Ҳлɺɡָ۶Ǳȫ򻯲ǳģʵ漰
㷺ľϵ⡣;ȫصģо򻯵⣬
óŷԼڷչŵ޹֮侭úϵķչз
չйҾƸĸ뾭÷չ⣬Ǿȫ򻯽ܹؽطչ
Ļ
йƸĸо᳤ȫ
ְתӣã
ڵ⣺һǣԽλ˲ذ飬
Ԥгǣȱλعܵ飬񡢼ܻǣλ
İ취ǣλг鶼ӦλгҪľҪ
á
ñǼƻĲȻشԭһǸ
ƶ漰ȨĵѶȺܴ󣻶ǶΣʶ
㣻Ƿûתͣڼƻý׶Ρ
ĽŬһǳʶõΣԣ
ҵ͸˵ĴΪԵԼԼƶϵΪǸ·
ɲ涨ʲôǿģֻ涨ʲôǽֹģûбֹ
Ͷǿġҵ͸˵ĴΪ׼ǣҵ͸ֲ
޷죬طɵĹ淶˺档ͨ򣬹涨ĳ
ЩΪǷǷġⲻһַԭ򣬶ΪĻԭ
ҪְӦΪӪ컷ƽ档
Ժ¼ұ
ȫӦ
ȫ򻯲ζκáڲ뾭ȫ򻯵ĽУй
ԼӦΣһתְܣĽõķʽһǿ͸
ƺ۵ءͨƶᷢչ滮ͺ۾ߣҪþֶκͷ
Σֺ۾ȶٽýṹսԵϹҾðȫڹҺ
£ַгԴĻáڶٽúЭչ
˿˿̬ʹáԼͱԴʵֿɳ
չ֧Ŀƽ򻯽裬С͵࣬ٽ
Эչ;ץչѧĻҵȫ߹
ʣʹ໥ٽͬչΪĸ￪źִ贴õ
ỷȷĸչȶĹϵŬҵȫᱣϵ
䣬ˮƽǿ裬Ⱥڹĵ⣬
ʵİгģǿƽ衣ƶƷɷ棬ǿΣ
ͳһ淶ƽг
ֿ

߼ʵУϻ⡣꾭
Ƶĺתн귴ڵоĻأҲйڹĳЩ
Ľ׶ӰأתĻвι̡мͻķֵرע
һĹ۲죺
һͶʵĸ״̬Ρ
ߵĴҾծģóõʽͶʣ
ӶͬʱıгԤڣͶʺڻԾʹ
ûůתͶǷĸˣǹڻЧӦǷ񷢻ӵλһ
Ҫжϡϰ꣬ҵλĹ̶ʲͶʵӽ
ͶʵڣңȻǰתԵڹ
ͶȫΣͳҪһȵóֻҪ϶
Ͷʳָˣ߾Ͳ˸ı䣬Էֹһǰ
ڶ羭õı仯Ρ
羭Ϻã󲿷ʱУӰͷǿ
״̬ȼѣŷޡ޺ܱ߹ҵҲҹó൱ǿ
ȫܶߣϣӽļʱ¶ƣ̬
ʼα⣢Ӳ½⣬꣬һйң
ձľÿѼɫĳЩ޹ҵ״̬ܶ񻯣һЩѧѾ
ѣֹһεĽΣԣҹóٵĹʻܿ
ڣ꣬ӦأǶȿ
ҲбҪʵС
ṹתĽչΡ
ߵʵʩֱӱΪھ״̬ϵ֧ţҪ
гھ÷չĻͶ⣬ǲеģ
һʱڵģϢ֮أŬĽṹԼԼ
ƽṹƶȴ¡ת䣬ҵгĸĸӶΪ
ýгڷչṩ֧šлߵͬʱ
ṹĸĹչ͹۵˵вٷ治⣬ṹ
ⳣʮԵرΪϰԹʳṹֲĽṹȵ״ͣ
ƷгҪǣͼ£ˣӲ濴ھƺ
תȹ̵£ʵһλߣͬʱòռ
ƽṹĵƵĸĸһ׷ڷչĽϺס
йо֡лƽ׳ϣ
Ӧʾϵ
ĸжСִƶȶԹжҵнۺϸĸҪ
ȷҵǾӪҵҵĿΪģݡ˾͡ҵ
зԹжʹ˾ʽƹжҵеķṹӼ»
ãǿҵеļලƶжҵоӪҵָϵ
и߲ԱʵϸľӪơʵʩϹʹĽƶȣĸ
׼ȡʹ˺ƶȡͨҵһۡʡгڽծ
ʽӹҵʱ𡣼ЧظõĻüԱ
߾ӪЧʡȫǿִҵӦ¡ùͷƶ
ڴ˻ϣĳЩĹжҵиΪҿعɵĹɷҵ
Уڷ֧ڹƱгС
ƺͷӹеĹܡƶйʲ
ծ취ʵʱԴصũҵչʷ⡣

ֹ֧ɷСҵеķչա˾͡ҵзҪ
һ淶СҵеĲȨṹͷṹԶ»Ϊĵľ
߻ƺܾгӪƣȡɡСнծȯķʽ
ʱʵְ֧гԭϡ沢飻ڴ£ֿ֧
µҵƷֺͷչмҵ
ַũ֧ũ徭÷չáᶨƵذũɹ
ũչгĽŦַ֧ũҵũ徭÷չĽ
áɣǿũľϵ򻯴Ľʽ
ƶȣǿ͸ȣũȺڼලĸͶù͹ʷƶ
ȫʵͶͬƣʵйЧҹȡӴʸȡάֵӪҵ˰˰ʵ
ۺϴʩӴ߷ȣĸ編ƣ
ĵĿǰ硢أУΪ˺ϲΪһˣֱڸʡ
У齨ʡũ磬жأУҵͷְ
ܽὭԵ㾭飬ͨŬ󲿷ũĸΪУ
ӪԼԵաҷչӦũũ徭÷չҪĽ
֯
оƶȡƶȣڻҵе
죬άڶԽڻģһ߽ڻյ֤
ϵİȫȽС
ԺչоĲҵоԱɣ
ƶȰϷ¢
ȫӦķϵԹ淶Ϳ˷¢
й¢ԲҵУԭеƿܻǹ¢ϣĿʵ֣
ձȣ͸ྭùϵȷЭ
ɽй淶ԼƶȻڽϴ̶ȵȱʧеġ·
¢ԲҵΪ˱֤һʩİȫ
Ϊ˹淶ҵиΪŹ¢ƵƳҵг
ԭеַش仯ĿгҵĿ֮Ҳ
һЩͻЭ޷ӦƵҪ˵Ŀ
ǰĸĸ׶ΣҵڵҪҵǹҵЭάֵĻô
Ÿĸ룬ƽṹҲ仯رйףԣ֮ʵĽ
ͣףԣйعִУϹʹġ淶ͱʮֱ
Ҫͽȡй䲼ʵʩˡؽӿ

رҪǡ¢Ϸƶʵʩ¢ԲҵĸҪƳ
¢ϣгһ滹Ҫг¢ϡ¢Բҵĸĸ
Упγг¢ϵŲҵейţڼףԣ֮
˾ĽǿƾҲпγµг¢ϡг¢ϵĿ˷ֻ
ͨ
عƶ
¢Բҵľ͹ƴһ棬ǿζŷɹ
ƣǿƾζй¢ԲҵǿƵģӹֶϿ
ԹƣݷɽйơӹϿĿǰǻͣڶ
׼ȳϣԹƼ۸ƶȱٱҪݣչƶ
ҵʵɱҲ˵ùְ൱ƣƷ棬Ȼƶ
൱ļͰȫ׼淶ǿԵģȱټලƶִе
͹ߣ˶԰ȫԵǿͨ¢ϲţ¢ߣͼ
ά¢ɣ⣬漰ݲδƵķ롣

ӹƻƻ²ŷָĺۼȻԣְܱ
ɢڶӶЭѶȴ󡢹ƳɱߡЧʵ͡
ˣй¢ԲҵĸĸﲻǷɹƵ⣬漰ƶȵ¹
ܵķչҪУһǹƻ۽һЩеĹƻ
ͳһС͸͹ڲĹƻɢŵĹְܾ
ܵؼµĹƻǵùְܣ¢Իڣڳ
͸Ļϼǿ۸ƣԾڣۣʵгۣǿ¢
ڹƽĹƣĻͨĹƽȵȣǿԹƽ
άֹг¢ϡ۸ıթΪǹƷķƻͿѧ
ƻʹְܡǽ͹ĿƵķ

йԺ뷢չоġ֣Ǯ޲죭
ҹ̬
й̬ƣйĹҵͳл̣й
ǳ˿ڣԴʻ뾭ȫӰ󣻣
תڵйáƶ״̬йΪɳչŬ
ȻӦôǶйĻ⡣
ִǹҵĲйֳ෢Ҿģ׶
ڻԴѹʱڡĻʾǣ
йĻ״̬侭÷չ׶Σ˾ǣģΪԪңǷֲģ
ýṹʽѷʽȻŻ״̬Ǹı
˵չ׶ԣһע⣺йѾƷĶȱԭ
ʣʱڣԵˮƽĹʣĴڳΪһƻľ޴
йĶԪṹӡѾشйĻͼϡ
ĳк壬ķʽҲǶԪģֳ޴Ĳ졣
йĹҵҵҲͬڻԵ
ڣԴĸì൱½еġԭйľá
ᡢֶԪṹʹйκνչܵԼ뷢չĲЭ
صĴۡ
ڻϣֽ磬û뿪ȫ򱳾ģ׼չ׶ιɣԼ
󣬣̣һЩʻԼִŬŵۡ
ϽµģԽԽϸĻҪй룬γһֳǿ
Ļѹףԣϵó׹͹ʷֹֽ֣ʹйٽһ
ҵӻǶȿڽĳԵģ̬λ
Ļ׼ǷΪǵóױݣͶЩǸĲ
ʽЩǣȾתƣƷڹ̵̬ԴйӰ죿
ЩʻذŻҲսԻֱӻӰһ
вȷص⣬һȷģйõķչɱٺ
ˣйõıȽҲϻضӡ
йչоᡡԣ
ùƸĸʮַ
ְܵĹ淶͹Ƶ𲽷йĸ￪Ӧ֮壬Ͻ
Ӧе߼ǰƽͬʱףԣϽӿйùƵгĸΪ
ṩĲպµĶڣףԣϹгõһԭ򣬼
ףԣҲйùƱĳЩԭԡҪ󣬿ã淶ͳһ
Чܡ͸ʮ
淶ʾùְܺΪҪϹҷɹ涨Ҫ󾭼ó
ɽȫΣùҪףԣϻйŵ
ͻϹͨ
ͳһΪͳһжԣףԣϳŵ漰ףԣ϶߹Ǳ
뱣֤ó׷ɺߵͳһʵʩȷطְһԣִ
еԡףԣϲ뷴Э黹Ըáóסڡ
ƽ̡Ͳҵߵ˹㷺ԼҪ
ЧܡùҪתء
أҪȫתصΪ˶ʽЪʽΪļ
ܣˮƽĽ򣬼ʱ⼰ʱ
طҵΥΥߡ
񡡡г̾ãҪְ֮һΪҵ⾺
ṩùԢڷ֮УԢڹ֮Уرټ
ҵĹʾˮƽһʾҪ档
͸Ҫнϸߵ͸ȡԤԺȶԣر⾭û
߷ҪָýϹֹԣҪƶִ߳
͸ȡ

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 Դ:¹⻪վ bbs.fudan.edu.cn[FROM: 10.17.20.155]

 

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