¹⻪ -- EconomicsĶ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 : binbin ( ~ һƥѱ), : Economics
  : "¾"ϣ 
վ: ¹⻪ (2002033016:35:56 ), վż

֮ Ӣ 



ڻչͻͽ֮¾ҲҡǵĿ
ǰΪֹ¾̽֡۵ﻹͣڶĳЩֲʶϣ
ڷ׷ӣʹ˶¾õ⻹Ϲ״̬Уì
۵ 



ıѧTimothy Taylor¾õۣڸУҪ
ºĹ۵㣺¾òǶԴͳҵĸݱ䣻ڱǰڣ
һ̶ȵʧҵʺͨͣԼ͹бĿȻ
ڣ¾õںʮչ 



Ȼ¾ãҹҲϡ 



¾õķʷʾ 



ڶǰĹҵڴ˵ļһڷҺͻַ
ݣJames WattֻEli Whitney޻Cyrus McCormickոCha
rles GoodyearӲ𽺵ȵȡǹҵ״ľ˱仯
κⷢԶԶġǹһ׼Զ
ͣ͡ 



ǣִľѧǸ߳ǻͨͳ
ѵϷԱ仯--ԹҵΪ򵥣һʱң
ʴӻΪÿ2% Ҳ 2%úСһ
СС2%ʲʣ36ڽʹƽˮƽ72ڴﵽı
ڴԼԭȵʮ1800֮ǰļǧڣƽˮƽûб仯
֮ʮǹҵԷҵǵ塣 



꣬ϢͨѶķչӦǷӸϸıľ̬
ȷδĿʧҵʺ͵ͨ͡ԶľźͷٵĹƱг
Եķ硣ָıʱΪ"Ϣ"һ㱻Ϊ"¾"
ȷ֤ݱԶʮ;ʮõˣΪ
ģʽתı˹ҵģ۵㶼Եÿš 



Ϣζʲô 



ϢͨѶķչɢķԳΪһ""أĿǰֲͬ
۵㡣һΪ繤ҵʹʲߵһٷֱȣϢӦ
ʹʲٷֵ㣬2%4%ı仯Ľ
״ 



һֲ̫ϸϢ׼ǣһϵµķ2%
ǰˣ2%ʵҪԭѾֹһθı䣬ʷѧҳΪ
ļУֲͬĹҵʮ;ͳ硢ȼͻ
ѧоȷҵռ˾صũҵҵͷҵתЩ
仯ÿһֶԱ"""Ϣ"ֽҲɫ
﷦ζڸͬ--ⲢûеĴ 



Ϣĵֺڷַӳ仯ͳľͳѲܳ
ַӳӵȷʵͳûзӳ棬ʾ
ضκνۡϾͳȷʵҪأ繫˾󡢹ʺGDP
ˣϢζǽܵ¼Ѿıǵ磬Ȼȷȷʵ
ʵĶ׼繤ʺGDP滹ûгԵı仯 ͼҿϢ
Ѳδɲ棬ܻıᾭ֮ǰбҪȿ
ʵͳ˵Щʲô 



ʮ漣Ľ 



ʮ꣬ʵҪֳ׶Ρһ׶Σ1950굽1973
꣬ʣҵÿͶÿСʱĲƣΪÿ3.0%
Կٵɶصµģ¼ӦãرЩڵڶս
оõ¼ʮʮľúڰʱںѹֵľı
ȫó׵ 



Ȼʳ»1973굽1995꣬Ϊƽÿ1.4%
ʮʮֵ¼ҲܽʱΪʣϸߵʯͼ۸
ϸߵͨͣ޺ŵºоͿõӵȵȡ
ûеһأҲûκζص֤ʵԳֽ
Ⱥ͹ȡ 



ʳ˷1995굽2000ڣΪ2.9%
ΪѰתչ˼ҵѧۡȤǣȷϢ
ˣǻϢˣоóͬĽۡ 



磬һΪԼ豸Ͷʣ1995굽1999ı
ҪԭͨʹñȼǰЧļй
ٵĸ˵ԣͬʱҲõļ豸죬Լѿ
桢ɹͲһĸƵϢϵͳ 



ңձΪϿڼ--رǰ뵼оƬ--
ĲԭڶʮͰʮĩ;ʮǰڣ豸ļ۸
ÿ½15%Ӿʮڿʼÿ½30% 



Ȼһֹ㷺ͬĹ۵ǻ--B2CģʽB2Bģʽ--199
5޹ء2000ĩԼһڼн뻥
ЩӴ󲿷Ƿǳʱĵ绰ƽ2000꣬B2CԼ300
Ԫ˵۶1%2000ڣдԼ֮һҵʼ
ûвɹۣ2000B2BΪԼ1400ԪԼռB2B
1%ǿеʼƺǰ
ͼڹȥĹģδƶʵ 



Ϣֹ̬ȵЩѧΪϢÿ
1%ߣ൱һʵĸһַԵġٵĶ
ϢÿʵֻԼ0.6%ǣһСİ
ֱȵĳʮ꣬ҲǼΪɹ۵ġ


--
ûѱ֮ǰ
Һǧǧǲûʲôͬ
ѱ
ôҽΨһ
ҲΪҵ˫
 Դ:¹⻪ bbs.fudan.edu.cn[FROM: 10.83.123.245] 
 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[һҳ] []