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  ǧǰϦʢʱѡǧһˡǸزţ٣Ұ˳ɼ˼Ȼɱ飬һóŷǴ½شٽ˶ӡʱġȫ򻯡۹⡣ 

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  1219-1221䣬ɼ˼ļ̳йģ̺ĺӼشɺдƻӶǣ֮˿ڣʹֽѾȶĵһ"Į"ʱɹ붨ʽ룬ͳΡɼ˼ļ̨̳1234𻪱Ľ𳯣ѸõũɴĴ㣬ҮɳȰֹ˵ȡ˰յֺôʡΪӴˣɹйͲֻ"߽"̬ɻζԭ""ճΪͳ"Ԫ" 

  ´½û֣δΪصýʱŷǴԭΨһᴮɴ½ͨɹһͳһŷǴԭǶƬ"߿Ƽս"Ӯңƫ޵֣˳¡˶֮⣬ɹŻǡ˹ɹ˲Ȥ⣺ɹɨģ࣬1222뱱ӡȣ̫ȶʦŷҲǣ1241ɹȵأ̨ȥ·ԱɹŴĮѡµĴ󺹣ʦûնɹŵڶιʣɱһλ﷢һؽ磬ŵк׼뱱ǣɸ纹ȥ(1259)ݡؽѲƣ˵ĵŷ 

  ܵ˵ɹŵ۹ΪŷǴ½һ͵"ɹźƽ"(PaxMongolica)½Ϲó\\{}"˿֮·"ͨ裬Ҳʹŷжӡ󾭶ǵǵĺó׿ǰ 

  ˴"ֳ"""Ƕ۵ʷ簢-ջָȫʱгʷϵһγֵ"ϵͳ"ʮʱһǰϵͳѾΣйϸִϵͳİȨԪʱйû·ˣǰϵͳĵϵͳǶĵġʮ͵ϵͳΪ˴Ȧ̩ԶУ(1)ŷȦ(2)кȦн㣬(3)ŷǴԭȦ(4)캣Ȧ(5)ж˹Ȧ(3)(4)֮н(4)(5)(6)ӡȦֺ(7)ӡȦ(8)йȦȦֺ(3)ļֽ13 

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  "ɹźƽ"ŷǴ½ĻͨгǶĵģ侫ضйΪءйƳĻʳʷԪδ޷ؽ""ּԻָƺɵл۹ؽԪһйĳ󺹳""֮⣬ɹ۹干ɹŰй"ȫ"ӡǵϵŷ׶ȽӴԪʱ׶ڴһ棬Ԫͳкܶطƺйͳ 

  ȣδĹƲӡԪͳһйȻҲúˣȴָƾƶȣ1313ڳŻָɴʿ˾ڸλߴǰԪö˲ŷȷҽľޣͳελɹĳɹ˱٣ڽŷǴ½֮ΣˣǵͳμаܶǺǵ"ɫĿ"Щ˰µķʽĻͻʱĲఢ¬١ɣȻĲȴɱΪǵͻʾ¼˹ķ峼"֮" 

  һУδйѴﵽˮƽƺ˵ˡһ棬Ԫйʷ""ʱʵѾߣԪչҵȫڿš⿪ŵĵزԪδĻϽϵһȫͳһֽƶȡ 

  ɹͳεŲ

  й˵ɹŵŲɹʱԭսɻĲơһǱعҵĺ϶ͺӱϲӴһ겻ɹȻγڹϽսιȴ̣ܶ˽ϱȽԪӡǵóֻһչ˥ʢƴӴ˳ɶ֡ɹ֮ǰ˴ɹͳһйʹϱйһ֡ҲԪʱڸӴйϰϾǹһ֡ 

  Ԫʼ""Ϊл֮һ伯ϡǶɹй"ɫĿ"֮Ԫֳ"ػ"ŷ˹˺߱й˳"ؽ"й⣬Խ½ΪصĲ̨˸õسӰ죬Ҳؽ̡˻ؽ̵ɹͳߣʮĩǿһŵĻ˸ķؽ̡14ǽйڻ֮ڵά塣 

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  ɹ˽˹ʱֻܲǧң޵壬ͻΪ϶شԭΪղ(Kipchak)ռ죬Ҳͻ˵һ֧ɹ˽"ղ캹"ΪΪšɹˡͻˡ˹ˡ˴˽䣬һ˵ͻ""(Tatars)ڽĶ˹͹ǵڶ塣 

  ˵ɹ˵Ϊŷ޵޵顣ɹǻؽĴݻرءǶǰʳ۹ĺĵشʡƻδĵطʮʮ֮Ϊȳ¶(TimurLenk)ɡͻˣ̨Ͻµ̺ӼشҰֽĶһԳƲ̨ļ̳ˣǵûбڣʸģҰ׶εɹǡͷ­ƻĻ㽨ϵͳ֮ࡣõĽѲȶӴˣʡǶϱɴĮ졣ʾķ֮һ˿ͻˣǹҪĲ֡ 

  ؽСɹǵɵĺ֢ǰŷһæŷڵʱǷչеͬ""ŷ˱ܹɹı棬"ɹźƽ"ڼ״йֱӽӴǴŷǴ½һеһˣĿйĸ˺ľ÷չһɶزǿɲ޵μǣӴº·йз´½ 


ɹžҲй"߿Ƽ"ǻҩŷޣˮƽϷһʮ͵ķǼ̶֮ĵڶ"߿Ƽս"Ӵˣŷⷽȡʮͳŷ˽͵Ļװսϣй̣ʼ15 

  ۹۵ڶǧǰ꣬˵йңңȣйĸ߶ȷչ¡ֹ۲켴ʹȷʵʧխйĹȫɹţߵҵֺγ¡ɹ˾ִ޵һСڣ˿ֻ򣬶ͻ˵Ĺɹŷں֮ˣΪˡʷƺԼ߼Ϊխ˼ά򷶡йںⳡϷҲǹۡ

