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磬ԪŴѾȫˡȥܸ˻ʹĿǰڡ鶨顷ĿܷΧѽˡ̼ҡĳΣЩŹģܶҵӱʱг̭ˣⶼиܵпѧչ˵üޡ

񣬹ڷ̵ı仯л巢չǰδеĻսʻơ˷ͨ͡ˮƽҵЧ桢йɫΰҵҪǼпѧչۡΪѧչǵѧ˼뾫ӦΪҵλΪ׼

һѧչǻҷлƸĸĺġ

ԴδΣΪ־սȷԪΪĵĹʻϵѽӽ߽⣬ԪλɥʧҹȥԹģΪĳ;÷չģʽ޷ά֡ڱŷԻϣĶԹʻϵЧȫĸĸڽһʻҵϵҹʵֶסԪߣԪй̶ңַչģʽԪȶȷģԪŴѾȫˡȥܸ˻ʹľǡȥԪҹѼԪŴ֧ǵĹģˣǵķչģʽı䣬ҲҹӦԵǰڶΨһѡ

ݡ鶨顷ǩԼ2012ɵһ׶μĿꡣ濴ǸЭ飬ʵǽ⣬ǽʻϵĺĲ֡Ŀǰڡ鶨顷ĿܷΧڣѽˡ̼ҡĳΡ2012һ£ǶԹʻϵһ£ʱֻй̼ҡ¿άչҹȻԹģΪľ÷չģʽʱ򽫺Ϊ̣վ߶ȣǿеظопѧչ˵üޡǸıҹĿǰĻҷƶȡ

ѧչȷ˱ƷĹϵ

ΪԴṩڶŷŵĽڷ˹޽ڣKenneth ArrowڣҲһλŵѧͶ̼ŷȫЧӦһ𣬶Ǹõ׺ͱ֮ĹϵаֻемֵʱƷмֵǷǿѧչҪΪ޽ڵĻֵҲǡǡҪıֻȷ˵ļֵſȷļֵ潲ΪĿѧչ˽ѧĺ⣬ǽѧıڡ

ѧչ۰ǰ˾÷չͽܻĹϵ80ϺͿʼݺӣڵʱչǳ2002Ϻһ·ǣݺӵҲ١ΪͨݺӣһؿȨʹϺȨԵͼۻݺذ߼صȨݺˮԽ壬ذؾԽֵǮݽѧԭݺˮǱذزǱݺˮʵصļֵûƷļֵҲռ䡣ѧչ۲ǵķչڷչͬʱͳˣȫЭɳʵ˵ûз۵ǾͲݺӵĳûʯͼ۸Ҳᵮܻ͵Դ

ѧչۼ̳кͷչ˼еۡ

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ͳѧʼΪͨһֻ󣬿ͨеĻ߼ԵΪֻҪƳһһŻߣõɺ½ͬҹߡʽʱֵȹ۵㣬޷͵µľʵ⡣ʵѧչҪÿ΢۵λ𣬾ҪҵѼܼšͶΪ˷ͨͣʵָȽĹؼʤ

ġѧչָʱгĶԭ

ѧ֡ȫȫԳ壬Ϊһʲļ۸˿ɶԳɽ׵֮⣬ǲɶԳҲҵľӪͳѧעҵӯʶۡиҵͨģŶ÷󣬶иͬҵҵͨѹģͶҲ÷ôӯۿԵó˾ӵͬĹɼۣʵ˾ɼ޴󣬺߱ǰҪߵöࡣڹһҶԳ𣬾ͻǰߡߣʹÿͬΪЩʵѧչۡͶʵҵʱгϵõߵĶۡ

μʡѧԺ˹¡ѧԺһۣҷ׼ն500ҵַͬҵȾСŷ͵ҵɼ۶ԶЩȾŷߵҵоҹҪʾڵвٵطΪ׷ھ棬һҵƻΪȻһʱδܵӦͷʱгϣӱ̭ˡֻЩпѧչۡ߶ӽܻȫͶʵҵܻø棬ܵʱгøߵĹֵδķչռ䡣ӡذǴѧѧԺһбĴ塱ģͣģо֣ЩģͶëҵܻøߵĹֵЩͨŹģܶҵõ˽ϵ͵ĹֵϽرֽѧıʵĿѧչӦΪҵ뷢չ׼

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