Ӳ֪ʶ

Ӳкܶɣװһ롢桢4ܡˣɸǸɵĹܣΪ5ࡣ1. 豸ʾӡȣ2.豸ꡢ̡ͷȣ3.봦4.ڴ桢Ӳ̡̡UԼ濨ȣ5.壨ڸ֮ЭһҪ壩

Ӳļƣй½̨Ӳ壩롰ԡӼϵͳʵ岿豸ͳơӻṹԿԷΪ󲿷֣洢豸豸ȡ һǿĵԶɣҪ֣豸ʾ豸̺꣩ɡ ǵԵ壬У塢CPUڴ桢ԴԿӲ̡ӲУ塢CPUڴ桢ԴԿӲǱģֻҪ⼸ȱһɡ 



1. ԵĶ
1 . 1 ʲôǵ?
һܹ㡢ڲ洢ɳ̵ĵװá
1 . 2 ԵĲ
1946ϵһּ̨E N I A C Electronic Numerical I n t e g r a t o r a n d C a l c u l a t o r  ϦǴѧ
1 . 3 Եķչ
ԿԷΪĸʱ ֱΪ һ 1946~ 1956꣩Ϊӹʱ,ڶ 1955~1964꣩Ϊʱ, 1964~1970꣩Ϊɵ· ICʱ,Ĵ 1971~Ϊģģɵ·ʱĿǰΪֹеĵԶǻڡ 洢ơ ԭйġ
1 . 4 Եķ
ͿԷΪ,Сͼ,΢ͼ,վ,ͼ
2. ϵͳĻ
2 . 1 ϵͳ
ϵͳͨӲϵͳϵͳ󲿷ɵġ
2 . 2 ʲôǵϵͳӲ?
Ӳ hardwareָʵʵ豸ⲿ豸ԵӲϵͳҪɿ洢/豸󲿷ɡһΪ봦Ҳͨ˵CPU
 softwareָʵ㷨ĳĵϵͳûضҪӦ
ӲCP U,ڴ,,ʾ,Ӳ̵ȵȡ
2 . 3 ӲֱЩ?
ϵͳӦϵͳϵͳWINXP ,ݿϵͳ(DBMS ) S Q L SE R V E R ӦOFFICEϵСһͰ  
3 . CPU
3 . 1 ʲôCPU ?
C P UӢ C e n t r a l P r o c e s s i n g U n i t / 봦 д ִܹиָɶݽдĲCPUһ߼㵥ԪƵԪʹ洢Ԫɡ
3 . 2 C P Uָ
( 1 )Ƶ ҲCPUʱƵʣ 򵥵˵ҲCPUĹƵʡ
( 2 )ڴٶȻ߽ϵͳٶȣһͬCPUƵ
( 3 ) L 1 , L 2 ٻ棬 ҲǾ˵һ,ٻ档
( 4 )ˮ߼
( 5 )ѹѹָҲCPUĵѹ
( 6 )ִкͷ֦Ԥ⣬ִָCPUָ涨˳ֿ͸Ӧ·Ԫļָ֦ʱҪıĽڵ㡣
( 7 )칤գ칤ȻֱӰCPUܣԼӰCPUļɶȺ͹Ƶʣ칤ԽϸCPUԴﵽƵԽߣ ɵľܾͿԸࡣ
3 . 3 C P UƷ
ҪINTEL AMD
3 . 4 C P Uķչʷ
I N T E L
1971: 4 0 0 4 ΢ 1 9 7 2: ΢ 1 9 7 4: 8 0 8 0 ΢
1978: 8 0 8 6 - 8 0 8 8 ΢ 19 8 2: 80 2 8 6 ΢ 19 8 5:8 0 3 8 6 ΢
1989: Intel 80486΢ 1993: I n t e l P e n t i u m 
1997: I n t e l P e n t i u m I I  1999: I n t e l P e n t i u m I I I 
2000: In t e l Pe n t i u m 4  2002: Intel Pentium 4 w /HyperT h r e a d i n g 
2005: Intel Pentium D  2006: I n t e l C o r e 2 D u o ( C o r e ΢ܹ洦 ĴCo n r o e ΪCore 2D u o / E x t r e m e壬 E 6 7 0 0 2 . 6 G H zͺűǰƳ֮ǿIntelP e n t i u m D 96 0 ( 3 . 6 G H z ) ܷ40% ʡЧҲ40% Core 2 Duoں2.91ڸܡLGA 7 7 5ӿ)
A M D
A M D 1 9 6 9 ꡢܲλɣάĴ̣겻иӢضĿСгɾˡ ƾǰAth l o n X P ĿǰK8 AMDƷµĴƷѾΪ˲еġ  
3 . 5 ʲô˫ˡCPU
ν˫Ĵ 򵥵˵һC P Uϼģ߽ͨ˫Ĳһ¸ֻCMP(Chip M ulti P r o c e s s o r s  оƬദ)򵥡ʵֵһ͡ʵRIS C˫ĶѾʵ֡C MP˹̹ѧģ˼һоƬʵS M P ( S y m m e t r i c a l Mu l t i - P r o c e s s i n g Գƶദ)ܹҲִвͬĽ̡ϸĩ պI B MѾ˫˴ĿơIBM 20 01Ƴ˻˫ĵPO WE R 4 Sunͻչ˾ ȺƳ˻˫˼ܹUl t ra S P A R C ԼP A - R I S C оƬʱ˫Ĵܹڸ߶˵RISCֱǰIntelAMDƳԼ˫Ĵ ˫ĲX86
I N T E L
C o r e 2 DuoϵУ 2006727գ C o r e 2 Duoȫʽ Con r o e
ԴP P6ܹ ͬʱN e t b u r s tܹһЩŵ㡣صǳL2棬ˮߣ͹ģ©磬ܣ˵Ǵһ I n t e l ȡĿǰC4 /CD / P 4 / P D / P E E вƷ
ͶE4000ϵFSB800MHz L22M߶E6000ǰ1066MHzL2Ϊ2M4M֣ XϵкĺQXϵСCor e 2DuoҪ965975X֧֡
A M D
A t h l o n 6 4 x 2ϵУ Athlon64 x220056AMDƳ˫洦ӵK8ܹȽԺͼڴԽԡĽӿΪS o c k e t 9 3 9 гΪAM 2 (S o c k e t 9 4 0 ) AM2S939 
˶DDR 2ڴ֧֣δκθı䣬Ҳû
Athlon64 x2һںCPUģ ÿĸӵ1M B512 K Bĸٶ档
3 . 6 ʲôǳƵ
Ƶһĸκ߼ĳһƵʣʹ֮ڳ׼ƵµΪжӦó֮ΪƵаCPUƵ峬Ƶڴ泬ƵʾƵȵȺܶಿ֡
CPUĳƵָCPUıƵƵԴﵽƵĿġһCPUCPUǰ˱Ƶ޷ı䡣˵ĳƵָƵ
3 . 7 ʲôPRֵ
PRֵ P e r f o r m a n c e Ra t i n g  "ֵܱ",һִڻ۱
׼Ϊùֱܹ۵˽CPUܣAMDʾܴﵽINTELĳƵʵCPUֵ ʾAMDCPUIntelCPUȽϵĻЧܺPentium XXXMHzࡣ
4. ڴ涨
4 . 1 ʲôڴ?
ڴָľϵĴ洢 CPUֱ֮ͨ 洢ݵĲŵǰʹõģ ִУݺͳʵʾһ߱ݴ洢ܵļɵ·ڴֻʱųݣ һرյԴϵ磬еĳݾͻᶪʧ
4 . 2 ڴָ
( 1 )ٶȡڴٶһڴȡһʱ䣨λһ㶼n s Ϊָ꣬ ʱԽ̣ ٶȾԽ졣
( 2 )ڴǶ,ĿǰҪ51 2MB , 1 G B ȲƷ
( 3 )ݿȺʹڴݿָڴͬʱݵλbitΪλ ڴĴָڴݴʡ
( 4 )C A SCAS ȴʱָӶЧ ʱط ʼ˿ṩΪֹһʱ䣬 һ 2 3ʱڣ ڴܣ ͬȹƵ£ CAS ȴʱΪ 2 оƬ CAS ȴʱΪ 3 оƬٶȸ졢ܸá
4 . 3 ڴƷ
ҪKingmax, Kingstonȡ
4 . 4 ڴ
(1) SDRAM ǡ Synchronous Dynamic random access memoryд˼ǡ ̬ͬ洢ƽʱ˵ġ ͬڴ桱  ڴ168 ߽ṹ
(2) DDR һµڴ漼 DDR  ӢԭΪ DoubleDataRate˼壬˫ݴģʽ֮ԳΪ ˫ҲζС ճʹõSDRAMǡ ݴģʽ  ڴһڴʱУһʱһβдDDR һµƣ һڴʱУ ڷʱһβڷ½ʱҲһβ ֮һʱУDDR SDR ڲɵͬʵDDR ڴSDR ڴȣ Ҫһ ԼΪ100MHZ DDR=200MHZ SDR
(3) DDR2 Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM JEDEC 豸ίԱᣩ пڴ漼׼һDDR ڴ漼׼ĲͬǣȻͬǲʱӵ/½ͬʱݴĻʽDDR2 ڴȴӵһDDR ڴԤȡ 4bit ݶԤȡ仰˵DDR2 ڴÿʱܹ4 ⲿߵٶȶ/дݣܹڲ4 ٶС⣬ DDR2 ׼涨DDR2 ڴFBGA װʽͬĿǰ㷺ӦõTSOP/TSOP-II װʽFBGA װṩ˸Ϊõĵɢԣ ΪDDR2 ڴȶδƵʵķչṩ˼ʵĻDDR ķչ̣ӵһӦõ˵ԵDDR200 DDR266DDR333 ˫ͨDDR400  һDDR ķչҲߵ˼ļޣ Ѿͨ취ڴĹٶȣIntel ´ķչ ǰ߶ڴҪԽԽߣӵи߸ȶƵʵDDR2 ڴ潫Ǵ
(4) RAMBUS ڴRAMBUS ˾Ƴһڴ棬 ڴܹṩʮͨDRAM PC100 SDRAM ܣRAMBUS DRAM RDRAM 16 λݴͨٶȿɸߴ800MHz
5. 嶨
5 . 1 ʲô?
壬 ֽ(mainboard) ϵͳ( systembourd) ĸ( m o t h e r b o a r d ) װڻڣ΢ҲҪĲ֮һ һΪε·壬 氲װɼҪ·ϵͳһBIO SоƬI / OоƬ̺ƿؽӿڡָʾƲӼۡ弰忨ֱԴӲԪ
5 . 2 ָ
(5) PCB 塣ҪPCB ͺȵȵȡ
(6) ߡжߵĵĺûԴߵתǶȺͷֲܶȿõ岼ӦñȽϾ룬豸ƵоƬ֮Ӧþ̡
(7) ݡϳݺ͵ݡǰ߱ȺҪá
(8) ·CPU ·ҪзǳٵĴӦMOSFET Ȧ͵ݶӰ쵽һ
5 . 3 Ʒ
Ҫм, ˶, ΢, ȡ
5 . 4 Ĺ淶
ATB a b y - A T ATXM i c r o ATXLPXNLXF l e x ATXEATXW A T X
ԼBTXȡ
6. Ӳ̶
6 . 1 ʲôӲ?
Ӳֽй̶̣ɽͿϴʵƬƬдװɡЩƬдװã ܷһġӲ̵ĳߴ5.25Ӣ硢3.5Ӣ1.8Ӣȡ
6 . 2 Ӳ̵ָ
( 1 )Ӳ̵ת١ӲתپָӲתٶȣһÿӶתʾ
( 2 )Ӳ̵ݴʡְⲿݴʺڲݴ, ⲿݴָǵͨߴӲڲȡݵʡڲݴʿ֪ܲ һӲܺûҪָָ꣬ǴͷӲ̻ݴʡ
( 3 )Ӳ̻档Ӳⲿ߽ݵĳ
( 4 )ƽѰʱ䡣ƽѰʱָǴӲ̽ӵӦָʼͷƵָŵΪֹõƽʱ䡣λΪ(Ms )

